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Artificial Inteligence


Artificial Intelligence(A.I.) is science and engineering of making intelligent machines which thinks like human. JOHN McCARTHY known as father of Artificial Intelligence.

AI  GOALS

  • It is used to create Expert System.
  • To implement Human Intelligence in Machine.

   History of AI

Here is the history of AI during 20th century −
Year Milestone / Innovation
1923Karel Čapek play named “Rossum's Universal Robots” (RUR) opens in London, first use of the word "robot" in English.
1943Foundations for neural networks laid.
1945Isaac Asimov, a Columbia University alumni, coined the term Robotics.
1950Alan Turing introduced Turing Test for evaluation of intelligence and published Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Claude Shannon published Detailed Analysis of Chess Playing as a search.
1956John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence. Demonstration of the first running AI program at Carnegie Mellon University.
1958John McCarthy invents LISP programming language for AI.
1964Danny Bobrow's dissertation at MIT showed that computers can understand natural language well enough to solve algebra word problems correctly.
1965Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT built ELIZA, an interactive problem that carries on a dialogue in English.
1969Scientists at Stanford Research Institute Developed Shakey, a robot, equipped with locomotion, perception, and problem solving.
1973The Assembly Robotics group at Edinburgh University built Freddy, the Famous Scottish Robot, capable of using vision to locate and assemble models.
1979The first computer-controlled autonomous vehicle, Stanford Cart, was built.
1985Harold Cohen created and demonstrated the drawing program, Aaron.
1990Major advances in all areas of AI −
Significant demonstrations in machine learning
Case-based reasoning
Multi-agent planning
Scheduling
Data mining, Web Crawler
natural language understanding and translation
Vision, Virtual Reality
Games
1997The Deep Blue Chess Program beats the then world chess champion, Garry Kasparov.
2000Interactive robot pets become commercially available. MIT displays Kismet, a robot with a face that expresses emotions. The robot Nomad explores remote regions of Antarctica and locates meteorites.

   Contribution of AI

  •    Application of AI


  • Gaming.
  • Natural Language Processing.
  • Handwriting Recognition.
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